# This file reads in replication data from # Bruhn, M., Leão, L. D. S., Legovini, A., Marchetti, R., & Zia, B. (2016). The impact of high school financial education: Evidence from a large-scale evaluation in Brazil. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 8(4), 256-95. # and saves processed covariate/treatment/outcome info for use in the grf package. # Data license copy/paste: # Modified BSD License (https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause) # - applies to all code, scripts, programs, and SOFTWARE. # This is any statements or instructions to be used directly or # indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result, # and may include interpretive, object or source code. # # Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License # (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) # - applies to databases, images, tables, text, and any other objects # # COPYRIGHT 2016 American Economic Association # # ================================================================= # Modified BSD License # ================================================================= # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, # are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: # # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this # list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, # this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or # other materials provided with the distribution. # # 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors # may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without # specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND # ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED # WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE # DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR # ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES # (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; # LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON # ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS # SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # # # ================================================================= # Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License # ================================================================= # # By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be # bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 # International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public # License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in # consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor # grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from # making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions. # # Section 1 – Definitions. # # Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is # derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed # Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in # a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the # Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a # musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always # produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving # image. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and # Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the # terms and conditions of this Public License. Copyright and Similar Rights means # copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without # limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database # Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For # purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are # not Copyright and Similar Rights. Effective Technological Measures means those # measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under # laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty # adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements. # Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other # exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use # of the Licensed Material. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, # database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License. # Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and # conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and # Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the # Licensor has authority to license. Licensor means the individual(s) or # entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License. Share means to provide # material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under # the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, # distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material # available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access # the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. Sui Generis # Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive # 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the # legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other # essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world. You means the individual or # entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a # corresponding meaning. Section 2 – Scope. # # License grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the # Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, # non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the # Licensed Material to: reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in # part; and produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material. Exceptions and # Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply # to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply # with its terms and conditions. Term. The term of this Public License is # specified in Section 6(a). Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. # The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and # formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical # modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to # assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications # necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications # necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this # Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) # never produces Adapted Material. Downstream recipients. Offer from the Licensor # – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically # receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the # terms and conditions of this Public License. No downstream restrictions. You may # not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply # any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so # restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed # Material. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be # construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the # Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted # official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as # provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i). Other rights. # # Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public # License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; # however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert # any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow # You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise. Patent and trademark # rights are not licensed under this Public License. To the extent possible, the # Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the # Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any # voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other # cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties. # Section 3 – License Conditions. # # Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following # conditions. # # Attribution. # # If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must: # # retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed # Material: identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any # others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by # the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated); a copyright notice; a # notice that refers to this Public License; a notice that refers to the # disclaimer of warranties; a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the # extent reasonably practicable; indicate if You modified the Licensed Material # and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and indicate the # Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text # of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License. You may satisfy the # conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, # means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may # be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a # resource that includes the required information. If requested by the Licensor, # You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the # extent reasonably practicable. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the # Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material # from complying with this Public License. Section 4 – Sui Generis Database # Rights. # # Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your # use of the Licensed Material: # # for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, # reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the # database; if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents # in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database # in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) # is Adapted Material; and You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if # You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database. For the # avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your # obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other # Copyright and Similar Rights. Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and # Limitation of Liability. # # Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, # the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no # representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, # whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without # limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular # purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the # presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where # disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer # may not apply to You. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be # liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or # otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, # punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of # this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has # been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. # Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this # limitation may not apply to You. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of # liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent # possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all # liability. Section 6 – Term and Termination. # # This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights # licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then # Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically. Where Your right # to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates: # # automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within # 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or upon express reinstatement by the # Licensor. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any # right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public # License. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed # Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed # Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License. # Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License. Section 7 # – Other Terms and Conditions. # # The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or # conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed. Any arrangements, # understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein # are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public # License. Section 8 – Interpretation. # # For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be # interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the # Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this # Public License. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License # is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum # extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it # shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability # of the remaining terms and conditions. No term or condition of this Public # License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly # agreed to by the Licensor. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be # interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities # that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any # jurisdiction or authority. library(readstata13) # Download publicly available data folder from https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/116339/version/V1/view raw = read.dta13("APP2015-0149_data/school_intervention_panel_final.dta") df = raw[raw$round == 0, ] # Data from first follow-up survey school = df$cd_escola # Pick out variables to use as covariates # variable names with _bl postfix are baseline measures recorded before treatment # variable names with _fup postfix are measured at follow-up after the treatment program X = df[c("female", "dumm_rp_08_bl", "dumm_rp_09_bl", "dumm_rp_24_bl", "dumm_rp_14_bl", "dumm_rp_23_bl", "dumm_rp_49_bl", "dumm_rp_50_bl", "dumm_rp_65A_bl", "poupar_final2_bl", "dumm_rp_64A_bl", "dumm_negotiates_bl", "autonomia_final2_bl" )] # Rename covariates colnames(X) = c( "is.female", "mother.attended.secondary.school", "father.attened.secondary.school", "failed.at.least.one.school.year", "family.receives.cash.transfer", "has.computer.with.internet.at.home", "is.unemployed", "has.some.form.of.income", "saves.money.for.future.purchases", "intention.to.save.index", "makes.list.of.expenses.every.month", "negotiates.prices.or.payment.methods", "financial.autonomy.index" ) W = df$treatment Y = df$vl_proficiencia_fup # Financial proficiency score # Assume test scores > 100 are misentries Y[Y > 100] = 100 # Drop missing outcomes or treatment keep = complete.cases(cbind(Y,W, school)) X = X[keep, ]; Y = Y[keep]; W = W[keep]; school = school[keep] # Some units (around 970) have all covariates missing, drop those keep = apply(X, 1, function(x) !all(is.na(x))) X = X[keep, ]; Y = Y[keep]; W = W[keep]; school = school[keep] any.na = !complete.cases(X) # the rest, around 30% has various Xj missing mean(any.na) # the treatment proportions are the same t.test(W ~ any.na) # the outcome differ a bit, so maybe splitting on NA can help discriminate t.test(Y ~ any.na) # no need to split on 1st+ digits of index variables, will also be unnecessary slowdown for policytree X = round(X, 0) lm(Y ~ W) # Table 3 ATE ~ the same write.csv(cbind(outcome.test.score = Y, treatment = W, school = school, X), "bruhn2016.csv", row.names = FALSE, na = "NA")